A proper waste management system requires successful completion of various steps starting from waste prevention, waste minimization, waste treatment, disposal and recycling. In developing countries achieving such a system is a big challenge. Here we are focusing on such obstacles faced and some simple solutions to them.
A developing nation faces many problems like –
1. lack of organizations and systems at the local and central level .
2. lack of financial facilities to efficiently run the waste management system .
3. Lack of proper technology and lack of proper appointed team to develop or borrow new technologies.
4. Poor literacy level of the rural population.
5. large population density and the larger waste disposal requirement.
6. Lack of general awareness and interests by the public.
7. lack of support by the government authorities to train or educate the public in proper waste disposal systems.
The main procedure of waste collection and disposal in developing nations are collection from houses by simple organizations appointed by the cooperation or other local bodies sometimes as less frequently as twice a week and these garbage are collected in open trucks giving an unaesthetic look and the workers labored do not have safety dress required to handle waste and due to this they often fall sick . The wastes are then dumped into landfills without proper leachate treatment plants and these landfills are not buffered zones with people living close by leading to issues raised by them.
In developing nations the waste management cannot be entirely left to the government. Therefore integrating the private sector formal and other informal bodies can only be a solution to the success of proper waste management.
The various ways to overcome these issues are by-
- The government should take this seriously and include a proper waste management system for next 20 years and work accordingly to reach that goal.
- It is best for the government to encourage and educate people on the importance of disposing waste at the source level and converting waste into resource rather than opting for costlier equipments like incinerators which are of no use.
- Plans that provide more job opportunities is to be implanted like street sweepers and safety kits for them and regular free medical check ups .
- There should be a periodic third person investigation of the solid waste management done by the municipality
- The government should collect a special fee from the polluter and laws regarding polluting the environment should be made more serious.
- The government can also levy a small tax for waste management from citizens.
Many laws also should come to place like
1 . Laws that regulate higher tariff on commodities with large volume of packaging or that which produces higher volume of waste
2. Landfill areas should be declared as buffer zones and no development should take place around it for 50 meters
3.In order to encourage private sector participation grants of loans and subsidies can be given with exemption for duties for machinery etc.
4.A research and development team has to be created for researching on newer land fills and newer technologies for proper waste management
5. At the municipality level they can open fairs and exhibition where old things can be traded for the needy on fixed days monthly.
Only if there is a united effort and a true willingness in majority of the citizens mind to achieve a clean zero waste environment can a nation be fully successful in its waste management system
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