Waste Management Statistic in India

Third World Countries are resource-conserving and frugal.

  • In 35 cities of over 1-million population, “dry” waste levels are approaching Western levels of over 1kg per capita per day.
  • Waste-picking at street bins and dumps already supports 0.5% of large cities’ populations. 
  • Women (and children) form a large percentage of the waste-pickers.

  • We sell newspapers, bottles and tins to doorstep waste-buyers and re-use a lot, discarding little.
  •  We generate only 50-100 gms of non-biodegradable waste per capita per day.
  •  Sadly, this small ecological footprint is seen as “backward” or under-developed.

Some Best WM Practices in Other Locations in India

 In  Many cities, Private groups are doing doorstep collection on payment .Everywhere in India , SLUMS are the most cooperative.  419 slums in Mumbai have Take-away-bin system
 

Calcutta:  80% house-to-house collection using regular Municipal staff and usual wheelbarrows

Ahmedabad: 4 or 6-bin handcarts or tricycles to avoid double-handling of waste

Nasik: Trucks move from one street-corner to  another to have a city without street waste-bins

Surat:  Pin-point beats include bins on raised platforms, near drainage manholes

Mumbai: Only wet waste lifted from hi-rises

Pune : Union of women waste-pickers collects for a fee both dry waste for recycling   +  wet waste into city bins or compost pits

Bangalore : Citywide policy of dry-wet waste  separation at source, collected at doorstep by city sweepers or waste-transport contractors

Coorg: District cleanup by school-kids bringing their dry waste to school weekly for purchase by waste-buyers. Funds used classwise for Eco-Clubs.

Calcutta: 500,000 bookmarks with year’s calendar and civic messages .Kids make pretty wall-bags for dry waste
 

SEWA:  Weekly doorstep collection of dry waste by waste-picker women’s co-op, with public-info help by Bank Officers’ union



Why Waste To Energy System Fails ?

  • Developing-country waste is very low calorie
  • Cost is 6-8 times higher than for composting.
  • Control of air-pollution is very expensive, and necessary but rarely well-maintained
  • Fails if debris and road-dust are in the waste
  • Works against interests of recycling industry and thousands of waste-dependent workers

How Simple Composting Works ?


  1. Use 5% cowdung solution or a bio-culture as compost starter.
  2. Make into heaps or wind-rows at least        1.5 metres high.
  3. Turn every 5-7 days.  Add water to keep moist.   Prevent overheating and smoke.
  4. Compost will be ready in 4 to 6 weeks.

Guidelines For Handling Municipal Solid Waste

Source-separation of “dry” & “wet” waste . Handle waste once only, in 4-6-bin carts .  Doorstep collection of “wet” waste, for Composting bio-degradables as first    option  .     Recyclables left to the informal sector .     Landfilling only compost rejects & inerts.

Direct cities to “promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials” and “ensure community participation in waste segregation”.

Recoverable resources are to be recycled via the existing informal sector

How To Handle Special Wastes

Leaf litter:  Compost it.  Burning is banned.

Garden Waste:  On-site composting, or Charge Rs 20 per handcart to remove  woody waste to slum or cremation ground

Street-food: Handcarts MUST have space for waste, and deposit it centrally at end of day.

Hotel food waste:  Non-veg to piggeries, or left-overs to night-shelters or orphanges

Market waste:  Stall-to-stall collection, hourly: Wet waste to cattle or goats,  Dry waste separate collection daily.

Commercial waste: Fees through trade associations

Broken glass:  Festival-collection boxes

Why We need a Decentralized Waste Management System?

  • It saves enormously on waste-transport costs .
  • Reduces waste volumes for disposal by 90%
  • Saves on manures  for park maintenance


Who should do it?
  • All institutions like colleges, hostels, hotels, hospitals, clubs, marriage-halls, jails, zoos.
  • Apartment-complexes, bungalows, Govt and    city offices.
  • All city-owned parks and sites.
  • Many individuals enjoy doing it voluntarily.


Where it is done
  • In garden strips along apartment walls, on terraces or in flower-pots or window-boxes
  •  In local parks, traffic islands, road dividers
  •  *  In conventional large street-bins
  •  In sewage-farm premises
  •  On temple lands or private farms


How it is done
  • Biomethanation in factory canteens
  • Vermi-culture (needs animal-husbandry care)
  • Aerobic wind-rows or checker-brick bins
  •  Anaerobic heaps at transfer-sites
  •  With or without composting bio-cultures

Why Waste Separation at Source is important?

Source-separation will make cleaner streams of ‘dry’ waste available for recycling or re-use.

  • There will be less injuries to waste-pickers.
  •  Health hazards will be reduced.


Solid Waste Management Recyclable Items

Cardboard
  • Tetra packet card boards
  • Card boards – with out Lamination
  • Card boards - Lamination
  • Tea Cup Cards
  • Food Plate
  • Brown Card - KRT
  • Card board roll
  • Card board – 2nd Quality


Paper Item
  • Colour Paper
  • Colour White
  • White Paper
  • Computer Paper
  • Note Paper
  • Dummy white
  • Tamil Magazine
  • English Magazine
  • Tamil News Paper
  • English News Paper
  • Butter Paper
  • Brown Paper
  • Milk white


Plastic Cover
  • L.D. Colour
  • L.D. Print
  • L.D. Nice
  • L.D. Hard
  • Oil Cover
  • Water Cover
  • Lezzy Cover
  • P.P
  • P.P (Print or Colour P.P)
  • Yellow, Rose, Blue Cover
  • H.D. 1st Quality
  • H.D. 2ND Quality
  • HM
  • H.M. (Print)
  • High Print
  • Ordinary Print
  • Dummy Print
  • Road Waste
  • Raffiya
  • Black Cover

Plastic item

  • L.D Plastic (Glucose)
  • National Plastic
  • P.VC Plastic Tube
  • P.V.C Plastic Cable
  • Toy Plastic 1st Quality
  • Dummy Plastic - 2nd Quality
  • Tea Cup 1st Quality
  • Tea Cup 2nd Quality
  • Mono Patti – White
  • Mono Patti – Colour
  • Glucose Tube
  • Pet Bottle – White
  • Pet Bottle – Colour
  • Pet Bottle – Dummy
  • Film Role – Dummy
  • Bottle Cap
  • L.D. Cap
  • Candle
  • Suttile Patti
  • Crystal
  • PP, Plastic
  • Syringe
  • Needle Cap
  • X-ray Black & White
  • Milk white
  • L.D. Plastic – Dummy White
  • L.D. Plastic Tablet Cover
  • Plastic Chapels
  • Big Plastic Tablet Cover
  • Toner (No.12)
  • Toner 1st Quality
  • Toner 2nd Quality
  • Cartridge 1st Quality
  • Cartridge 2nd Quality
  • C.D. Breakable
  • C.D. Non Breakable

Aluminum
  • Aluminum Sheet 1st Quality
  • Aluminum Sheet 2nd Quality
  • Aluminum Cent Bottle
  • Aluminum Cool Drinks Bottle
  • Aluminum Paste Cover
  • Aluminum Tablet Cover
  • Aluminum Powder
  • Aluminum Cap
  • Aluminum - Hard


Rubber Item
  • Rubber
  • Hawaii Chappell
  • Rubber Band
  • Rubber Gloves
  • Rubber Tube
  • Rubber Tyre
  • Rubber Sheet
  • Rubber Chappel
  • Rubber Tube

  • Shoe Bottoms
  • Leather Sponch
  • Rubber floor mat
  • Electrical Wire
  • Electrical Other Item
  • Leather 1st Quality
  • Leather 2nd Quality
  • L.D. Tharmacoal Sponch
  • Hair
  • Radio Caste Dummy
  • White Plastic


Bottle Item
  • Glucose Bottle–1000 Ml
  • Glucose Bottle –500 Ml
  • Glucose Bottle –350 Ml
  • Glucose Bottle - 250 ml
  • Glucose Bottle - 100 ml
  • Glucose Bottle – 125 ml
  • Tonic Bottle
  • Tonic Bottle 5ml Long
  • Tonic Bottle 5ml Short
  • Tonic Bottle 10ml long
  • Tonic Bottle 10ml Short
  • Horlicks Bottle (Big) (Without cap)
  • Horlicks Bottle (Small)(With cap)
  • Horlicks Bottle (Big) (With cap)
  • Horlicks Bottle (Small) (Without cap)
  • Mini Apple (Batham
  • Crush-Cool Drinks
  • High Crush-Cool Drinks
  • Injection Thakkai
  • Injection Bottle (50ml)
  • Injection Bottle (50ml) Short
  • Injection Bottle Short (White)
  • Injection Bottle (50ml) Short (Colour)
  • Injection Bottle ¾ Short (Colour)
  • Injection Bottle ¾ Short (White)
  • Injection Bottle (20ml) Short (White)
  • Injection Bottle (125 ml)
  • Injection Bottle (5ml)
  • Injection Bottle (20ml) Short (Colour)
  • Injection Bottle (10ml) Length  (White)
  • Injection Bottle (10ml) Length  (Colour)
  • Injection Bottle (5ml) Short Colour
  • Injection Bottle (5ml) Length
  • Injection (Light weight) (Thackai)
  • Dettol Bottles 500 ml
  • Bottles 250 ml
  • Bottles 100 ml
  • Bottles 50 ml
  • Acid –Bottle –Big
  • Acid –Bottle-Medium
  • Acid – Bottle-Small
  • Pickles1/2 Kg Jam  Bottle
  • Pickles ¼ Kg Jam Bottle Short White
  • Tomato Sauce Bottle (½ Lts)  Medium
  • Tomato  Sauce Bottle  (1Lts)  Long
  • Tomato  Sauce Bottle  (1/2Lts)  Long
  • Tomato  Sauce Bottle  (1Lts)  Long

  • White Glass
  • Colour Glass
  • Ram Bottle
  • Mini Beer (Old)
  • Long Beer (New)
  • Beer Bottle 275 ml
  • Quarter Bottles
  • Quarter Bottles (Small)
  • Sadha
  • Sent Bottle
  • Assalt
  • Chappai 500 ml
  • Chappai 250 ml
  • Kal-Chappai
  • Glass Plates
  • Tube Light
  • Bound Lights

  • Veta - 30 ml-–Short –25mm Neck
  • 30ml Bound Bottle White
  • 30ml Bound Bottle Colour
  • Bound Bottle White ¾
  • Bound Bottle White 50ml
  • Bound Bottle Color 50ml
  • 100ml –22mm neck
  • 50ml-28mm neck
  • 100ml Bound –25mm Neck
  • 10ml Bound –2mmNeck
  • 15 ml –22 Drops-22mm Neck
  • 200ml –Lee 52 –25mm Neck
  • Pound bottle (500ml) White
  • Pound bottle (500 ml) Colour
  • Pound bottle (400ml) White
  • Pound bottle (400ml) Colour


Others
  • Iron
  • Iron Plate
  • Steel
  • Cell Battery
  • Copper
  • Gun Metal
  • Bone
  • Brass
  • Cloth


Non-Recyclable Item

 
  • Plastic mounted Tablet – with aluminum coating
  • Carbon Papers
  • Chocolate covers
  • Plastic – Tonic Pet bottle
  • Thermacoal
  • Tooth Paste - bottom
  • Biscuit Cover
  • Package Drinking Water Covers
  • Chapel (Thakkai)
  • Bubble Gum

Organic Waste
  • Coconut Shell
  • Coconut Husk
  • Tender Coconut
  • Coconut Sponch
  • Woods and Twigs
  • Coal -1st ,2nd, 3rd Quality
  • Cotton
  • Seeds
  • Leafs (Garden Waste)
  • Reaper woods
  • Arc - nut leaf plates
  • Citric fruit peals
  • Food Waste
  • Non – Vegetarian Waste
  • Egg Shell
  • Bones

Resouce Recovery System - Impurity Refining Pipe

Saju and his family have created a way to refine the waste produced in their house before the collision of impurity refining system of the state. It is in this way that the impurity refining system named ‘Resource Recovery System’ stared functioning three months ago at ‘Siva ganga’, Saju’s house. Advocate R.Saju is a resident of Attukal Airanimuttam.

Don’t get shocked at its name. It’s a very simple device. Waste is considered to be the unwanted resources found at unwanted places. The device is named so by Saju because it retakes the unwanted resources and is used to make the soil fertile. The cost of constructing such a device is just Rs.250 and it requires a space of just 10sq.inch.

 How It Works


The main part of this device is a pipe that removes maximum amount of moisture from bio wastes using force. The bio wastes are deposited in this pipe. The bacterias those are harmful to both man and plants are killed using the heat from sunlight. The production of manure is not done within the pipe. It changes into manure when dumped in the soil. This pipe has to be removed when completely filled with waste. Waste can be found in the form of cake inside this pipe. It can then be dug and directly put on agricultural land or soil. Saju suggests that it is a very convenient device which helps the impurities to be taken back to its place of origin after refining without any environmental problems.

Impurities such as plastic and polluted water can also be refined in it other than bio wastes. Plastic covers and packing covers can be changed into blocks of cakes by pressing it. It can be used for recycling. Water used for washing meat and fish and other polluted water, can also be separated by undergoing Anaerobic Combustion. 

A scientific study is going on at M. S Swaminathan Research foundation about the research recovery system. Understanding the usefulness of this device Saju’s neighbours have also become its admirers.

For more details about this device contact Saju at 9847463766.

What happened in Vilappil Plant


Organic Fuel Oven - Environment Friendly Impurity Refining Model

‘Organic Fuel Oven’, an environment friendly impurity refining unit has made it possible to refine the impurities in the same place where it originates. For the same reason this unit has become well known. The organic fuel oven has been developed with the aim of preserving energy along with impurity refining. This unit has been developed and designed by J.Rajendran, who has been working in this field for about thirty five years.

How It Works


Organic fuel oven can be constructed close to our house. An organic fuel oven is a combination of a hearth, furnace cylinder, water boiling tank, chimney and boxes for depositing impurities. There are three waste depositing boxes. They are made in such a way that it can be taken in and out of the furnace cylinder. One box is meant for depositing moist impurities, the second one for non moist impurities and the third one for plastic impurities. Impurities that are not moist can be directly taken into the fire inside the hearth through the furnace. Impurities that are moist are kept inside the furnace for some time so as to remove the moisture in it. Later it is put in fire. Plastic impurities are not directly put in the fire; instead they are allowed to melt within the furnace.

 

The plastic impurities are divided into two sections before refining in the fuel oven. The division is based upon thermo plastic impurities and thermo setting plastic impurities. Only thermo plastic impurities such as plastic covers and thin plastic sheets can be put in the fuel oven. When thermo plastics are fired a gas named ‘dioxin’ is formed. But the amount of this gas produced is 90% less when it is melted rather than directly burning. This knowledge inspired Rajendran in its development. House hold items like buckets, combs, mugs etc are made of thermo setting plastic. He says that the amount of dioxin formed by the melting of such plastic is 50% more.

 

Impurities in our houses can be used as fuel for the burning of hearth. The heat that comes into the furnace from the burning hearth can be used to boil the water inside the water boiling tank, which is joined to the furnace. Rajendran suggests that a number of hearths can be connected to the furnace which can be used for cooking purposes. He even says that impurity refining systems that can decrease environmental problems are to be designed. According to his opinion not only impurity refining plants are needed, but also an impurity refining culture has to be created within the minds of people.